Arab
Arab
Přesné údaje o původu araba neexistují. Nepodařilo se ani prokázat, že by kdy na Arabském poloostrově žili divocí koně. Předpokládá se, že arab je potomkem koní dovezených ze starověké Persie nebo z okolních zemí. Prokazují to společné znaky s Kaspickým ponym a íránskými plemeny. Přibližně od 18. století př. n. l. chovali tyto koně beduíni. Až do 7. století n. l. se tito ušlechtilí pouštní koně chovali jen v Arábii a v blízkém okolí. Teprve s expanzí islámu se rozšířili do severní Afriky, západní Evropy a do jižní poloviny Asie. Tito kvalitní koně pak ovlivnili většinu ostatních plemen.Arab se od jiných koní odlišuje stavbou kostry. Má jen 16 párů žeber, 5 bederních a 16 ocasních obratlů. Proto má kratší, jen jemně prohnutý hřbet, rovný kříž a vysoko nesený ocas. Krátká a jemná hlava má prohnutý (štičí) profil, mezi očima vyklenutý. Mimořádnou pohyblivost hlavy zaručuje "mitbach", pozvolné napojování hlavy na hrdlo. Krk je dlouhý, elegantně prohnutý, hříva a ohon jsou hedvábné. Štíhlé, dlouhé suché nohy mají bezvadné klouby, šikmé spěnky bez rousu a pěkně utvářená, zdravá a tvrdá kopyta. Kůže araba je velmi tenká, srst nízká, jemná a hladká. Chřípí je neobyčejně jemné, nozdry otevřené. Výška je povolena od 144 do 152 cm, může být i menší. Závisí totiž na původu, zejména na klimatu oblasti, odkud kůň pochází, a na kvalitě pastvy. Přílišná výška a hrubá stavba je pro araba největší vadou. Arab je výhradně jezdecký kůň, rychlý, vytrvalý, tvrdý, skromný a odolný. Má vynikající chody, zejména plavný, plynulý cval. Také jeho povaha je při ohnivém temperamentu výborná. Je pochopitelné, že se právě arab zasloužil o zlepšení nebo i vznik mnoha sportovních plemen. Čistokrevní arabi se podle arabské tradice dělí do pěti skupin podle pěti posvátných klisen Muhammadových. Za nejušlechtilejší se považuje typ Kuhaylan. Ač to znamená "černá antilopa", převládající zbarvení je hnědé. Saklaví je typ vynikající krásou a elegancí, vyznačuje se bílou barvou. Méně úhledný, kostnatý Muniqui vyniká rychlostí a vytrvalostí a dospívá nejrychleji z arabů. Většinou jsou to ryzáci. Hamdani jsou nejmohutnější, klidní a mírní vytrvalci. Také příslušníci skupiny Hadban jsou mohutnější, ale jsou velmi rychlí.Araby si oblíbil Napoleon. Jeho oblíbencem byl kůň Marengo, na kterém jel i do své poslední bitvy u Waterloo (1815). Napoleon dával přednost běloušům a měl vlastní chov bílých arabů. Velmi se zaslužil o zařazení arabů do národních francouzských chovů.
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